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Conclusion

Let's sum up everything we have found out in this test, in order of audio quality.
 

Coding Scheme

Score

Bitrate (kbps)

Comments

MPEG 1 Layer 2

(High Quality)

A+ 192 Earning top honors for audio quality, this proves that experience counts! Short of AAC, this should be the compression technology of choice for professional work if they don't mind higher bitrates. 

Very dynamic and accurate audio is the hallmark of MP2. But if you think you'll lower the bitrate in exchange for quality forget it. Anything lower than this and the quality drops drastically. Guess you can't have the cake and eat it too! 

MPEG 1 Layer 3

(High Quality)

A VBR "High" If you want the very best and yet want it to be of decent size, and that is what compression is all about, then this is it!

Showing the minimum of artefacts, this scheme is refreshingly accurate in timing. You also get the benefit of small file sizes if the audio is not that complicated. These files also maintain their quality level throughout, which is more than can be said for any other encoding scheme in this comparison, even MP2 -which suffers from the occasional lapse that would need even higher bitrates to fix.

MPEG 1 Layer 3

(Normal Quality)

B+ 160 Surprise winner of the "Normal Quality" level. It may be old but it still comes closest to the original.

Has a slight problem with the modulation of metallic percussion but is, in general, pretty faithful to the original. Definitely the best for most music.

MS Audio 4.0

(Normal Quality)

B 160 I started off expecting this to sweep away the comparison at the "Normal Quality" level and to even be good enough to contend in the "High Quality" level. I assumed this would deliver the promised benefits of AAC (which I have not tested). Microsoft claims it beats MP3 128 at just 64 kbps! The truth is far from it.

The sound seems to be equalized and boosted almost. A very annoying hiss or "shhh" sound after sharp sounds really hurts this scheme. Also has a murky feel when it comes to details.

It must be noted that since it is very new, future developments may turn all this around.

TwinVQ

(Normal Quality)

C 96 This is a dead format in the sense that no further development is taking place and the software has not improved over a very very long time.

The treble level is squashed quite a bit. This can be somewhat offset by boosting treble but we did not do that for the comparison. For its size, it sounds pretty good but the encoding times are really not justifiable.

Real Audio G2

(Normal Quality)

N/A 96 Let's just say it's meant for streaming over the net and not for the use we intend it for. This really shows in its low sound quality.

Of course, since Real Networks has recently acquired Xing Technologies this should no longer be an issue.

There you go! The quest for the holy grail of audio compression, CD level perceptual quality continues. In a way, this is a bit like the 16 bit color vs. 24 bit color debate in graphic cards- professionals use 48 & 64 bit color! An interesting bit of news is that Phillips and Sony plan to release a new version of CD technology which promises much higher quality levels than the current 44.1 kHz/16 bit PCM based CDs. Follow this link if you want to know more.

Please note that this comparison is about encoding schemes and NOT software. No comparison of the various encoding software is intended or implied. If you would like to learn more about this very interesting field of technology, I have listed a series of links below.

 
Table of contents  
Introduction TwinVQ (VQF)
Basics of audio compression Real Audio G2
Methods of comparison  Microsoft Audio 4
Software and hardware MPEG 1 layer 2 (MP2)
Selection of music for the comparison MPEG 1 layer 3 (MP3)
Index of results Conclusion
  
 
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